| 2026年高考数学北京-16 |
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2026-10-10 17:46:24 |
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(10分)设函数$f(x)=2\sin \omega x\cos \varphi +2\cos \omega x\sin \varphi (\omega > 0$,$\vert \varphi \vert < \dfrac{\pi }{2})$,已知$f(x)$的最小正周期为$\pi$,且$f(\dfrac{\pi }{4})=1$,$f(0) > 0$. (Ⅰ)求$\omega$、$\varphi$的值; (Ⅱ)求$f(x)$的单调递减区间. 〖答案〗(Ⅰ)$\omega =2$,$\varphi =\dfrac{\pi }{3}$; (Ⅱ)$[\dfrac{\pi }{12}+k\pi ,\dfrac{7\pi }{12}+k\pi ]$,$k\in Z$. 〖分析〗(Ⅰ)利用两角和的正弦公式可得$f(x)=2\sin (\omega x+\varphi )$,利用周期公式可求$\omega$的值,由$f(0)=2\sin \varphi > 0$,可得$\sin \varphi > 0$,根据$f(\dfrac{\pi }{4})=2\sin (2\cdot \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\varphi )=1$,可得$\cos \varphi$的值,结合$\left| \varphi \right|\left\langle \dfrac{\pi }{2}sin\varphi \right\rangle 0$,即可得解$\varphi =\dfrac{\pi }{3}$; (Ⅱ)利用正弦函数的性质即可求解. 〖解答〗解:(Ⅰ)$f(x)=2\sin \omega x\cos \varphi +2\cos \omega x\sin \varphi$ $=2(\sin \omega x\cos \varphi +\cos \omega x\sin \varphi )$ $=2\sin (\omega x+\varphi )$, 因为$f(x)$的最小正周期为$\pi$,且$\omega > 0$, 所以$\dfrac{2\pi }{\omega }=\pi \Rightarrow \omega =2$, 代入$x=0$,得$f(0)=2\sin \varphi > 0$,即$\sin \varphi > 0$, 再代入$x=\dfrac{\pi }{4}$,得$f(\dfrac{\pi }{4})=2\sin (2\cdot \dfrac{\pi }{4}+\varphi )=1$,可得$2\sin (\dfrac{\pi }{2}+\varphi )=1$,可得$2\cos \varphi =1\Rightarrow \cos \varphi =\dfrac{1}{2}$, 结合条件$\left| \varphi \right|\left\langle \dfrac{\pi }{2}sin\varphi \right\rangle 0$, 可得$\varphi =\dfrac{\pi }{3}$; (Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)得$f(x)=2\sin (2x+\dfrac{\pi }{3})$, 令$\dfrac{\pi }{2}+2k\pi \le 2x+\dfrac{\pi }{3}\le \dfrac{3\pi }{2}+2k\pi$,$k\in Z$, 解得$\dfrac{\pi }{12}+k\pi \le x\le \dfrac{7\pi }{12}+k\pi$,$k\in Z$, 可得$f(x)$的单调递减区间为$[\dfrac{\pi }{12}+k\pi ,\dfrac{7\pi }{12}+k\pi ]$,$k\in Z$. 〖点评〗本题是三角函数常规综合题,核心考点是三角恒等变换、正弦型函数的周期性质、单调区间的求解,属于基础题.
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