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2023年高考数学甲卷-理12

  2023-07-08 11:26:35  

(5分)已知椭圆$\dfrac{{x}^{2}}{9}+\dfrac{{y}^{2}}{6}=1$,$F_{1}$,$F_{2}$为两个焦点,$O$为原点,$P$为椭圆上一点,$\cos \angle F_{1}PF_{2}=\dfrac{3}{5}$,则$\vert PO\vert =($  $)$
A.$\dfrac{2}{5}$              B.$\dfrac{\sqrt{30}}{2}$              C.$\dfrac{3}{5}$              D.$\dfrac{\sqrt{35}}{2}$
答案:$B$
分析:利用椭圆的定义,结合余弦定理,通过向量的模,然后转化求解即可.
解:椭圆$\dfrac{{x}^{2}}{9}+\dfrac{{y}^{2}}{6}=1$,$F_{1}$,$F_{2}$为两个焦点,$c=\sqrt{3}$,
$O$为原点,$P$为椭圆上一点,$\cos \angle {F}_{1}P{F}_{2}=\dfrac{3}{5}$,
设$\vert PF_{1}\vert =m$,$\vert PF_{2}\vert =n$,不妨$m > n$,
可得$m+n=6$,$4c^{2}=m^{2}+n^{2}-2mn\cos \angle F_{1}PF_{2}$,即$12=m^{2}+n^{2}-\dfrac{6}{5}mn$,可得$mn=\dfrac{15}{2}$,$m^{2}+n^{2}=21$,
$\overrightarrow{PO}=\dfrac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{P{F}_{1}}+\overrightarrow{P{F}_{2}})$,
可得$\vert PO\vert ^{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}({\overrightarrow{P{F}_{1}}}^{2}+{\overrightarrow{P{F}_{2}}}^{2}+2\overrightarrow{P{F}_{1}}\cdot \overrightarrow{P{F}_{2}})$
$=\dfrac{1}{4}(m^{2}+n^{2}+2mn\cos \angle F_{1}PF_{2})$
$=\dfrac{1}{4}(m^{2}+n^{2}+\dfrac{6}{5}mn)$
$=\dfrac{1}{4}(21+\dfrac{6}{5}\times \dfrac{15}{2})=\dfrac{15}{2}$.
可得$\vert PO\vert =\dfrac{\sqrt{30}}{2}$.
故选:$B$.
点评:本题考查椭圆的简单性质的应用,向量的数量积以及余弦定理的应用,是中档题.

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