91学 首页 > 数学 > 高考题 > 2022 > 2022年全国甲理 > 正文 返回 打印

2022年高考数学甲卷-理10

  2022-12-16 17:36:43  

(5分)椭圆$C:\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=1(a > b > 0)$的左顶点为$A$,点$P$,$Q$均在$C$上,且关于$y$轴对称.若直线$AP$,$AQ$的斜率之积为$\dfrac{1}{4}$,则$C$的离心率为(  )
A.$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$              B.$\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$              C.$\dfrac{1}{2}$              D.$\dfrac{1}{3}$
分析:设$P(x_{0}$,$y_{0})$,则$Q(-x_{0}$,$y_{0})$,根据斜率公式结合题意可得:$k_{AP}\cdot k_{AQ}=\dfrac{1}{4}$,再结合$\dfrac{x^{2}}{a^{2}}+\dfrac{y^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$,整理可得离心率.
解答:解:已知$A(-a,0)$,设$P(x_{0}$,$y_{0})$,则$Q(-x_{0}$,$y_{0})$,
$k_{AP}=\dfrac{{y}_{0}}{{x}_{0}+a}$,
$k_{AQ}=\dfrac{{y}_{0}}{a-{x}_{0}}$,
故$k_{AP}\cdot k_{AQ}=\dfrac{{y}_{0}}{{x}_{0}+a}\cdot \dfrac{{y}_{0}}{a-{x}_{0}}=\dfrac{{y}_{0}^{2}}{a^{2}-{x}_{0}^{2}}=\dfrac{1}{4}$①,
$\because$$\dfrac{{x}_{0}^{2}}{a^{2}}+\dfrac{{y}_{0}^{2}}{b^{2}}=1$,即${y}_{0}^{2}=\dfrac{b^{2}(a^{2}-{x}_{0}^{2})}{a^{2}}$②,
②代入①整理得:$\dfrac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}=\dfrac{1}{4}$,
$e=\dfrac{c}{a}=\sqrt{1-\dfrac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$.
故选:$A$.
解答:本题考查椭圆的简单几何性质,是基础题.

http://x.91apu.com//shuxue/gkt/2022/2022qgjl/2022-12-16/33431.html