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2021年高考数学浙江18

  2022-05-03 08:26:26  

18.(14分)设函数$f(x)=\sin x+\cos x(x\in R)$.
(Ⅰ)求函数$y=[f(x+\dfrac{\pi }{2})]^{2}$的最小正周期;
(Ⅱ)求函数$y=f(x)f(x-\dfrac{\pi }{4})$在$[0$,$\dfrac{\pi }{2}]$上的最大值.
分析:(Ⅰ)由$y=[f(x+\dfrac{\pi }{2})]^{2}$,可得$y=1-\sin 2x$,然后利用周期公式求出周期;
(Ⅱ)$y=f(x)f(x-\dfrac{\pi }{4})=\sin (2x-\dfrac{\pi }{4})+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,由$x\in [0$,$\dfrac{\pi }{2}]$,得到$12x-\dfrac{\pi }{4}$的取值范围,再利用整体法求出$y=f(x)f(x-\dfrac{\pi }{4})$的最大值.
解:函数$f(x)=\sin x+\cos x=\sqrt{2}\sin (x+\dfrac{\pi }{4})$,
(Ⅰ)函数$y=[f(x+\dfrac{\pi }{2})]^{2}=[\sqrt{2}\sin (x+\dfrac{\pi }{2}+\dfrac{\pi }{4})]^{2}=2\cos ^{2}(x+\dfrac{\pi }{4})$
$=1+\cos [2(x+\dfrac{\pi }{4})]=1+\cos (2x+\dfrac{\pi }{2})=1-\sin 2x$,
则最小正周期为$T=\dfrac{2\pi }{2}=\pi$;
(Ⅱ)函数$y=f(x)f(x-\dfrac{\pi }{4})=\sqrt{2}\sin (x+\dfrac{\pi }{4})\cdot \sqrt{2}\sin (x-\dfrac{\pi }{4}+\dfrac{\pi }{4})$
$=(\sqrt{2}(\sin x+\cos x)\sin x=\sqrt{2}(si{n}^{2}x+\sin x\cos x)$
$=\sqrt{2}(\dfrac{1-\cos 2x}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\sin 2x)=\sin (2x-\dfrac{\pi }{4})+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$,
因为$x\in [0,\dfrac{\pi }{2}]$,所以$2x-\dfrac{\pi }{4}\in [-\dfrac{\pi }{4},\dfrac{3\pi }{4}]$,
所以当$2x-\dfrac{\pi }{4}=\dfrac{\pi }{2}$,即$x=\dfrac{3\pi }{8}$时,$f(x)_{max}=1+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}$.
点评:本题考查了三角函数的图像性质,涉及求解函数的周期以及最值问题,考查了运算能力,属于基础题.

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